NFL · Empirical Bayes

True-Talent Leaderboards

A raw single-season rate is a noisy guess at a player’s real ability, and the noise is worst for the smallest samples — so a naïve leaderboard is topped by whoever got lucky in the fewest tries. This one shrinks every rate toward its position-group prior by how much the sample can be trusted, and shows a 90% credible interval instead of a point. Toggle raw vs. shrunk to watch the flukes fall back to the pack.

Target success rate · 2025

Share of targets with positive EPA, shrunk within position.

Beats raw by
21.9%
lower out-of-sample error
RMSE raw → shrunk
11.7% → 9.1%
odd vs. even weeks
Split-half reliability
0.19
how repeatable the raw stat is
Stabilizes at
91 TE · 86 WR
targets to trust the number
shrunkrawthe shrink90% CI
40%50%60%TE avgWR avg1Puka NacuaLA · 16663.8%2George KittleSF · 6960.5%3Stefon DiggsNE · 10259.9%4Sam LaPortaDET · 4959.1%5AJ BarnerSEA · 6859.0%6Jaxon Smith-NjigbaSEA · 16358.9%7Hunter HenryNE · 8758.9%8George PickensDAL · 13858.8%9Austin HooperNE · 2658.8%10Daniel BellingerNYG · 2658.8%11Oronde Gadsden IILAC · 6958.6%12Colby ParkinsonLA · 5658.3%13Trey McBrideARI · 17058.1%14Brenton StrangeJAX · 6058.1%15Kayshon BoutteNE · 4658.1%16Dawson KnoxBUF · 5058.0%17Jackson HawesBUF · 1958.0%18Tucker KraftGB · 4457.6%19Mitchell EvansCAR · 2557.6%20Ian ThomasLV · 1357.5%21Dalton KincaidBUF · 5057.3%22Travis KelceKC · 10956.9%23Darnell WashingtonPIT · 4456.9%24Adam TrautmanDEN · 2356.8%25Jake TongesSF · 4656.8%26Colston LovelandCHI · 8356.8%27Dallas GoedertPHI · 8256.5%28Dalton SchultzHOU · 10756.4%29Charlie KolarBAL · 1556.4%30Darren WallerMIA · 3556.2%31Kendrick BourneSF · 5355.9%32JuJu Smith-Schust…KC · 4555.5%33Kalif RaymondDET · 3054.9%34Tyreek HillMIA · 2954.5%35Xavier SmithLA · 2454.3%36Gunner OlszewskiNYG · 1354.2%37Luke McCaffreyWAS · 1653.6%38Brycen TremayneCAR · 1853.5%39Jalen McMillanTB · 1553.1%

Each row is a player: the solid dot is the shrunk estimate, the hollow dot the raw rate, joined by the red pull of regression; the grey bar is the 90% credible interval. A hollow shrunk dot means the sample is below the stabilization line — the number is mostly the position prior. Switch to Raw rank and watch the small-sample names climb.

Target success rate · 2025 · full board

Target success rate leaderboard for the 2025 NFL season, shrunk by empirical Bayes with 90% credible intervals, ranked by the shrunk estimate.
#PlayerTeamPostargetsRawShrunk90% interval
1Puka NacuaLAWR16670.5%63.8%58.7%68.7%
2George Kittle◦ provisionalSFTE6968.1%60.5%54.1%66.7%
3Stefon DiggsNEWR10267.7%59.9%54.0%65.7%
4Sam LaPorta◦ provisionalDETTE4967.3%59.1%52.2%65.9%
5AJ Barner◦ provisionalSEATE6864.7%59.0%52.5%65.3%
6Jaxon Smith-NjigbaSEAWR16363.2%58.9%53.8%64.0%
7Hunter Henry◦ provisionalNETE8763.2%58.9%52.7%64.8%
8George PickensDALWR13863.8%58.8%53.3%64.1%
9Austin Hooper◦ provisionalNETE2673.1%58.8%51.2%66.1%
10Daniel Bellinger◦ provisionalNYGTE2673.1%58.8%51.2%66.1%
11Oronde Gadsden II◦ provisionalLACTE6963.8%58.6%52.1%64.9%
12Colby Parkinson◦ provisionalLATE5664.3%58.3%51.6%65.0%
13Trey McBrideARITE17060.0%58.1%53.1%63.1%
14Brenton Strange◦ provisionalJAXTE6063.3%58.1%51.5%64.6%
15Kayshon Boutte◦ provisionalNEWR4671.7%58.1%51.0%65.1%
16Dawson Knox◦ provisionalBUFTE5064.0%58.0%51.1%64.7%
17Jackson Hawes◦ provisionalBUFTE1973.7%58.0%50.2%65.6%
18Tucker Kraft◦ provisionalGBTE4463.6%57.6%50.6%64.5%
19Mitchell Evans◦ provisionalCARTE2568.0%57.6%50.0%65.0%
20Ian Thomas◦ provisionalLVTE1376.9%57.5%49.4%65.3%
21Dalton Kincaid◦ provisionalBUFTE5062.0%57.3%50.4%64.0%
22Travis KelceKCTE10958.7%56.9%51.1%62.6%
23Darnell Washington◦ provisionalPITTE4461.4%56.9%49.8%63.8%
24Adam Trautman◦ provisionalDENTE2365.2%56.8%49.1%64.3%
25Jake Tonges◦ provisionalSFTE4660.9%56.8%49.8%63.6%
26Colston Loveland◦ provisionalCHITE8359.0%56.8%50.5%62.9%
27Dallas Goedert◦ provisionalPHITE8258.5%56.5%50.3%62.6%
28Dalton SchultzHOUTE10757.9%56.4%50.6%62.2%
29Charlie Kolar◦ provisionalBALTE1566.7%56.4%48.4%64.2%
30Darren Waller◦ provisionalMIATE3560.0%56.2%48.9%63.3%
31Mack Hollins◦ provisionalNEWR6563.1%56.1%49.4%62.7%
32Mason Taylor◦ provisionalNYJTE6657.6%55.9%49.4%62.4%
33Kendrick Bourne◦ provisionalSFWR5364.1%55.9%48.9%62.7%
34John Bates◦ provisionalWASTE1662.5%55.9%47.9%63.6%
35Greg Dulcich◦ provisionalMIATE3458.8%55.8%48.5%63.0%
36Tyler Higbee◦ provisionalLATE3658.3%55.7%48.4%62.9%
37Mo Alie-Cox◦ provisionalINDTE2060.0%55.6%47.9%63.3%
38Josh Oliver◦ provisionalMINTE2060.0%55.6%47.9%63.3%
39Luke Musgrave◦ provisionalGBTE3158.1%55.5%48.1%62.9%
40Ben Sinnott◦ provisionalWASTE1361.5%55.5%47.5%63.5%
41JuJu Smith-Schuster◦ provisionalKCWR4564.4%55.5%48.3%62.5%
42Brock Bowers◦ provisionalLVTE8756.3%55.5%49.3%61.6%
43Jakobi MeyersJAXWR11059.1%55.5%49.6%61.2%
44Hunter Long◦ provisionalJAXTE1758.8%55.3%47.4%63.1%
45Juwan JohnsonNOTE10255.9%55.3%49.4%61.2%
46Tommy Tremble◦ provisionalCARTE3756.8%55.3%48.0%62.4%
47Terry McLaurin◦ provisionalWASWR6061.7%55.3%48.5%62.0%
48Ricky Pearsall◦ provisionalSFWR5362.3%55.2%48.2%62.0%
49Noah Fant◦ provisionalCINTE4156.1%55.1%48.0%62.2%
50Kyle PittsATLTE11955.5%55.1%49.5%60.7%
51Christian Watson◦ provisionalGBWR5561.8%55.1%48.2%61.9%
52Mike Gesicki◦ provisionalCINTE4355.8%55.0%47.9%62.1%
53Luke Farrell◦ provisionalSFTE1457.1%55.0%47.0%62.9%
54Pat Freiermuth◦ provisionalPITTE5455.6%55.0%48.2%61.7%
55Kalif Raymond◦ provisionalDETWR3066.7%54.9%47.3%62.4%
56Jalen Coker◦ provisionalCARWR4562.2%54.7%47.5%61.8%
57Davis Allen◦ provisionalLATE3354.5%54.6%47.3%61.9%
58Tanner Hudson◦ provisionalCINTE2454.2%54.6%46.9%62.1%
59Grant Calcaterra◦ provisionalPHITE1353.8%54.6%46.5%62.5%
60Brevyn Spann-Ford◦ provisionalDALTE1353.8%54.6%46.5%62.5%
61Tyreek Hill◦ provisionalMIAWR2965.5%54.5%46.9%62.1%
62John FitzPatrick◦ provisionalGBTE1553.3%54.5%46.5%62.4%
63Zay FlowersBALWR11957.1%54.5%48.7%60.2%
64Xavier Smith◦ provisionalLAWR2466.7%54.3%46.4%62.0%
65Julian Hill◦ provisionalMIATE2152.4%54.2%46.5%61.9%
66Gunner Olszewski◦ provisionalNYGWR1376.9%54.2%46.0%62.4%
67Isaiah Likely◦ provisionalBALTE3652.8%54.1%46.9%61.4%
68Chris Godwin Jr.◦ provisionalTBWR5259.6%54.1%47.1%61.0%
69Tre Harris◦ provisionalLACWR4360.5%54.0%46.8%61.2%
70Cade Stover◦ provisionalHOUTE1650.0%54.0%46.0%61.8%
71Cooper Kupp◦ provisionalSEAWR7157.8%53.9%47.4%60.4%
72Luther Burden III◦ provisionalCHIWR6058.3%53.9%47.1%60.6%
73Keon Coleman◦ provisionalBUFWR6258.1%53.8%47.1%60.5%
74Brock Wright◦ provisionalDETTE2250.0%53.8%46.0%61.4%
75Elijah Higgins◦ provisionalARITE3751.3%53.7%46.5%60.9%
76Devaughn Vele◦ provisionalNOWR4060.0%53.7%46.4%61.0%
77Luke McCaffrey◦ provisionalWASWR1668.8%53.6%45.5%61.7%
78Jaylen WaddleMIAWR10056.0%53.6%47.6%59.6%
79Jameson WilliamsDETWR10255.9%53.5%47.6%59.5%
80Brycen Tremayne◦ provisionalCARWR1866.7%53.5%45.5%61.5%
81Johnny Mundt◦ provisionalJAXTE1947.4%53.4%45.6%61.2%
82Michael PittmanINDWR11455.3%53.3%47.5%59.1%
83Romeo DoubsGBWR8655.8%53.3%47.0%59.5%
84Ryan Flournoy◦ provisionalDALWR5657.1%53.3%46.4%60.1%
85Jalen McMillan◦ provisionalTBWR1566.7%53.1%45.0%61.3%
86Pat Bryant◦ provisionalDENWR4957.1%53.1%46.0%60.1%
87CeeDee LambDALWR11754.7%53.0%47.3%58.8%
88Marquise Brown◦ provisionalKCWR7455.4%52.9%46.4%59.4%
89Marvin Harrison Jr.◦ provisionalARIWR7455.4%52.9%46.4%59.4%
90Tyrell Shavers◦ provisionalBUFWR2360.9%52.9%45.1%60.7%
91Zach Ertz◦ provisionalWASTE7350.7%52.9%46.5%59.3%
92Tee HigginsCINWR9954.5%52.8%46.8%58.8%
93Dontayvion Wicks◦ provisionalGBWR4656.5%52.8%45.6%59.9%
94DeMario Douglas◦ provisionalNEWR4656.5%52.8%45.6%59.9%
95Keenan AllenLACWR12254.1%52.7%47.0%58.4%
96T.J. Hockenson◦ provisionalMINTE6650.0%52.7%46.2%59.2%
97Cole Kmet◦ provisionalCHITE4949.0%52.7%45.7%59.6%
98Mark Andrews◦ provisionalBALTE7050.0%52.6%46.2%59.1%
99Drake LondonATLWR11354.0%52.6%46.8%58.4%
100Tanner Conner◦ provisionalMIATE1540.0%52.6%44.6%60.5%
101Ja'Tavion Sanders◦ provisionalCARTE3447.1%52.6%45.3%59.9%
102Amon-Ra St. BrownDETWR17253.5%52.6%47.5%57.7%
103Gabe Davis◦ provisionalBUFWR1861.1%52.6%44.5%60.6%
104Deebo Samuel Sr.WASWR10054.0%52.5%46.5%58.5%
105Courtland SuttonDENWR12553.6%52.5%46.8%58.1%
106Luke Schoonmaker◦ provisionalDALTE2343.5%52.4%44.7%60.1%
107David Njoku◦ provisionalCLETE4847.9%52.3%45.4%59.3%
108DeVonta SmithPHIWR11453.5%52.3%46.5%58.1%
109Jeremy Ruckert◦ provisionalNYJTE2944.8%52.3%44.8%59.8%
110Ja'Marr ChaseCINWR18553.0%52.3%47.3%57.3%
111Xavier Hutchinson◦ provisionalHOUWR5754.4%52.2%45.4%59.1%
112Adam Thielen◦ provisionalPITWR3655.6%52.2%44.8%59.6%
113Brandin Cooks◦ provisionalBUFWR3655.6%52.2%44.8%59.6%
114Alec Pierce◦ provisionalINDWR8453.6%52.2%45.9%58.4%
115Taysom Hill◦ provisionalNOTE1637.5%52.1%44.2%60.0%
116Will Dissly◦ provisionalLACTE1637.5%52.1%44.2%60.0%
117Drew Sample◦ provisionalCINTE2040.0%52.0%44.2%59.8%
118A.J. BrownPHIWR12152.9%52.0%46.3%57.7%
119Isaac TeSlaa◦ provisionalDETWR2755.6%51.9%44.2%59.6%
120Elijah Arroyo◦ provisionalSEATE2642.3%51.9%44.3%59.5%
121Cade Otton◦ provisionalTBTE8248.8%51.9%45.6%58.1%
122Parker WashingtonJAXWR9752.6%51.7%45.7%57.8%
123Zay Jones◦ provisionalARIWR1855.6%51.6%43.6%59.6%
124Michael Mayer◦ provisionalLVTE5046.0%51.6%44.7%58.5%
125Tory Horton◦ provisionalSEAWR2254.5%51.6%43.7%59.4%
126Tim Patrick◦ provisionalJAXWR2454.2%51.5%43.7%59.3%
127Demarcus Robinson◦ provisionalSFWR3652.8%51.4%44.0%58.8%
128KaVontae Turpin◦ provisionalDALWR3852.6%51.3%44.0%58.7%
129Davante AdamsLAWR11451.7%51.3%45.5%57.1%
130Rashee Rice◦ provisionalKCWR7951.9%51.3%44.9%57.7%
131Matthew Golden◦ provisionalGBWR4452.3%51.3%44.1%58.5%
132Jonnu Smith◦ provisionalPITTE5545.5%51.2%44.4%58.0%
133Jalen Nailor◦ provisionalMINWR5451.8%51.2%44.3%58.1%
134Gunnar Helm◦ provisionalTENTE5545.5%51.2%44.4%58.0%
135Tyler WarrenINDTE11448.3%51.1%45.4%56.8%
136Chris Moore◦ provisionalWASWR2352.2%51.1%43.2%58.9%
137Jordan Whittington◦ provisionalLAWR2552.0%51.1%43.3%58.8%
138Jake FergusonDALTE10347.6%50.9%45.0%56.8%
139Darius Slayton◦ provisionalNYGWR6550.8%50.8%44.1%57.5%
140Jayden Higgins◦ provisionalHOUWR6950.7%50.8%44.2%57.3%
141Terrance Ferguson◦ provisionalLATE2536.0%50.6%43.0%58.3%
142DK MetcalfPITWR9950.5%50.6%44.6%56.7%
143Jayden Reed◦ provisionalGBWR2250.0%50.6%42.7%58.5%
144Michael WilsonARIWR12750.4%50.5%44.9%56.2%
145Tez Johnson◦ provisionalTBWR4450.0%50.5%43.3%57.7%
146Van Jefferson◦ provisionalTENWR5250.0%50.5%43.5%57.5%
147Andrei Iosivas◦ provisionalCINWR5850.0%50.5%43.6%57.3%
148Josh DownsINDWR8850.0%50.4%44.2%56.6%
149Tetairoa McMillanCARWR12250.0%50.3%44.6%56.0%
150Chris OlaveNOWR15650.0%50.3%45.0%55.6%
151Jimmy Horn Jr.◦ provisionalCARWR1546.7%50.2%42.0%58.3%
152Lil'Jordan Humphrey◦ provisionalDENWR2548.0%50.2%42.4%57.9%
153Jack Bech◦ provisionalLVWR2948.3%50.2%42.5%57.8%
154Tyquan Thornton◦ provisionalKCWR3748.6%50.1%42.8%57.5%
155Jaylin Noel◦ provisionalHOUWR3548.6%50.1%42.7%57.6%
156DeAndre Hopkins◦ provisionalBALWR3948.7%50.1%42.8%57.5%
157Justin JeffersonMINWR14249.3%49.9%44.4%55.3%
158Chig Okonkwo◦ provisionalTENTE7944.3%49.9%43.6%56.1%
159Ladd McConkeyLACWR10649.1%49.8%43.9%55.8%
160Josh Reynolds◦ provisionalNYJWR2245.5%49.7%41.8%57.6%
161Nick Westbrook-Ikhine◦ provisionalMIAWR2045.0%49.7%41.8%57.7%
162Treylon Burks◦ provisionalWASWR2245.5%49.7%41.8%57.6%
163Tyler Johnson◦ provisionalNYJWR1844.4%49.7%41.7%57.7%
164Scott Miller◦ provisionalPITWR1442.9%49.7%41.5%57.9%
165Casey Washington◦ provisionalATLWR1442.9%49.7%41.5%57.9%
166Nico CollinsHOUWR12148.8%49.6%43.9%55.3%
167Jauan JenningsSFWR9348.4%49.5%43.4%55.7%
168Brian Thomas Jr.JAXWR9148.4%49.5%43.4%55.7%
169Jordan Addison◦ provisionalMINWR7948.1%49.5%43.1%55.9%
170Rashod Bateman◦ provisionalBALWR3946.2%49.3%42.0%56.7%
171Malik Nabers◦ provisionalNYGWR3545.7%49.3%41.9%56.8%
172Kyle Williams◦ provisionalNEWR2142.9%49.2%41.3%57.2%
173Isaiah Hodgins◦ provisionalNYGWR1942.1%49.2%41.2%57.2%
174Mason Tipton◦ provisionalNOWR1741.2%49.2%41.1%57.3%
175Jamari Thrash◦ provisionalCLEWR1540.0%49.2%41.0%57.4%
176Gage Larvadain◦ provisionalCLEWR1540.0%49.2%41.0%57.4%
177Mike Evans◦ provisionalTBWR6246.8%49.1%42.4%55.9%
178Sterling Shepard◦ provisionalTBWR5446.3%49.1%42.1%56.0%
179Isaiah Williams◦ provisionalNYJWR3644.4%48.9%41.5%56.4%
180Xavier Worthy◦ provisionalKCWR7346.6%48.9%42.4%55.4%
181Allen Lazard◦ provisionalNYJWR1838.9%48.7%40.7%56.8%
182Malachi Corley◦ provisionalCLEWR1435.7%48.7%40.5%56.9%
183James Proche◦ provisionalTENWR1233.3%48.6%40.4%56.9%
184Dylan Drummond◦ provisionalATLWR1233.3%48.6%40.4%56.9%
185KeAndre Lambert-Smith◦ provisionalLACWR1233.3%48.6%40.4%56.9%
186Noah Gray◦ provisionalKCTE3834.2%48.6%41.4%55.9%
187Travis Hunter◦ provisionalJAXWR4544.4%48.6%41.5%55.8%
188Troy FranklinDENWR10746.7%48.5%42.6%54.4%
189Josh Palmer◦ provisionalBUFWR3743.2%48.5%41.1%55.9%
190Jalen Tolbert◦ provisionalDALWR3542.9%48.5%41.1%56.0%
191Marquez Valdes-Scantling◦ provisionalPITWR2941.4%48.4%40.8%56.1%
192Rome OdunzeCHIWR9146.2%48.4%42.3%54.6%
193DJ Moore◦ provisionalCHIWR8545.9%48.4%42.1%54.6%
194Theo Johnson◦ provisionalNYGTE7440.5%48.3%42.0%54.7%
195John Metchie III◦ provisionalNYJWR4843.8%48.3%41.2%55.4%
196Ray-Ray McCloud◦ provisionalNYGWR1533.3%48.2%40.1%56.4%
197Tutu Atwell◦ provisionalLAWR1533.3%48.2%40.1%56.4%
198Xavier Weaver◦ provisionalARIWR1330.8%48.2%40.0%56.4%
199Rashid ShaheedSEAWR9245.6%48.1%42.0%54.3%
200Calvin Ridley◦ provisionalTENWR3641.7%48.1%40.7%55.5%
201David Sills◦ provisionalATLWR3641.7%48.1%40.7%55.5%
202Jaylin Lane◦ provisionalWASWR3240.6%48.0%40.5%55.6%
203Calvin Austin III◦ provisionalPITWR5543.6%48.0%41.1%54.9%
204Hunter Renfrow◦ provisionalCARWR2638.5%47.9%40.2%55.7%
205Olamide Zaccheaus◦ provisionalCHIWR6643.9%47.8%41.2%54.5%
206Cedric Tillman◦ provisionalCLEWR3941.0%47.7%40.4%55.1%
207Arian Smith◦ provisionalNYJWR1631.3%47.7%39.6%55.9%
208Dyami Brown◦ provisionalJAXWR3740.5%47.7%40.4%55.1%
209Jalin Hyatt◦ provisionalNYGWR1428.6%47.7%39.5%55.9%
210Greg Dortch◦ provisionalARIWR3339.4%47.6%40.2%55.2%
211Harold Fannin Jr.CLETE10841.7%47.6%41.8%53.4%
212Tre TuckerLVWR9244.6%47.6%41.4%53.7%
213Evan Engram◦ provisionalDENTE7739.0%47.5%41.2%53.8%
214Quentin Johnston◦ provisionalLACWR8444.0%47.5%41.2%53.8%
215Wan'Dale RobinsonNYGWR14145.4%47.4%42.0%52.9%
216Kevin Austin Jr.◦ provisionalNOWR2334.8%47.4%39.6%55.3%
217Konata Mumpfield◦ provisionalLAWR2334.8%47.4%39.6%55.3%
218Roman Wilson◦ provisionalPITWR2133.3%47.4%39.5%55.3%
219Elijah Moore◦ provisionalBUFWR1729.4%47.3%39.2%55.4%
220Marvin Mims Jr.◦ provisionalDENWR5141.2%47.2%40.2%54.2%
221Mitchell Tinsley◦ provisionalCINWR2433.3%47.0%39.2%54.8%
222Tyler Lockett◦ provisionalLVWR5641.1%47.0%40.1%53.8%
223Khalil ShakirBUFWR9743.3%46.8%40.8%52.9%
224Chimere Dike◦ provisionalTENWR7441.9%46.7%40.2%53.2%
225Garrett Wilson◦ provisionalNYJWR6040.0%46.4%39.6%53.1%
226Malik Washington◦ provisionalMIAWR6540.0%46.2%39.5%52.8%
227Xavier Legette◦ provisionalCARWR6439.1%45.8%39.1%52.5%
228Jahan Dotson◦ provisionalPHIWR3633.3%45.6%38.3%53.1%
229Emeka EgbukaTBWR12842.2%45.6%40.1%51.3%
230Elic AyomanorTENWR8940.5%45.5%39.4%51.7%
231Dont'e Thornton Jr.◦ provisionalLVWR3030.0%45.4%37.9%53.0%
232Darnell Mooney◦ provisionalATLWR7237.5%44.7%38.3%51.3%
233Christian Kirk◦ provisionalHOUWR5334.0%44.4%37.5%51.3%
234Isaiah Bond◦ provisionalCLEWR4431.8%44.4%37.3%51.6%
235Adonai Mitchell◦ provisionalNYJWR7435.1%43.5%37.2%50.0%
236Jerry JeudyCLEWR10635.9%42.5%36.7%48.4%

How the shrinkage works

Two estimators

Rate stats (completion %, success rate, catch rate) use a beta-binomial model: a Beta(α, β) prior fit by marginal likelihood over each position group, then a Beta posterior per player. Per-play averages (EPA, CPOE, yards) use a normal-normal model with DerSimonian–Laird between-player variance. Both pull each player toward their group by exactly how thin their sample is.

Does it help? & the fine print

The trust panel’s numbers come from a leakage-free odd/even-week holdout: fit on odd weeks, predict even-week raw. Shrinkage lowers out-of-sample error for every stat. Priors are fit per season and per position (WR and TE separately), so a TE’s baseline isn’t a skill. Regular season only, 2016–2025. Rushing and receiving efficiency are heavily scheme-driven — read the wide bands as the honesty they are.

Source: nflverse play-by-play. Counted and computed deterministically — never modeled by a language model. Built by build_nfl_leaderboards.py (byte-reproducible).